PUBH 6012 Healthcare Disparity in Miami Presentation
PUBH 6012 Healthcare Disparity in Miami Presentation
Fundamentals of Health Policy PubH 6012 Residential Sections ONLY Presentation Assignment Due 3 days BEFORE Week 10 Record a 7-minute presentation of your policy evaluation. The presentation should briefly cover all elements of your policy evaluation as follows: • • • • • Decisionmaker (1 slide or combined with Problem Identification) o Identify which decisionmaker the memo is being written for and their relevance Problem Identification (1 slide or combined with Decisionmaker) o Identify the question presented to the decisionmaker that the policy evaluation will answer Background (1-2 slides) o Diagnosis of the “causes” of the problem o Evidence justifying the diagnosis (brief!) Options o Identification of 2 criteria (cost and effectiveness strongly recommended—1 slide) o Description of 3 actions that could be taken to address the diagnosis and assessment of each option according to criteria (1 slide per option) o Optional: A side-by-side table summarizing the analysis (1 slide) Recommendation of one of the options, with reasoning (1 slide) In the Presentation Recording Forum (under Assessments), open the Topic for your Presentation Group and add a new thread with the URL of the final recording of your presentation. This must be done no later than 3 days before the Week 10 class. Submit the presentation file (in .ppt or .PDF format) you used for the recording to the Policy Evaluation Presentation assignment (under Assessments). Any delays or failure to post your recording will result in automatic deduction (per grading schedule). Timely posting of your recording is critical for your classmates and professor or section leader to provide timely feedback on the discussion board during the final class. PUBH 6012 Policy Evaluation Memo Planning Worksheet 1. Who is the policymaker? PUBH 6012 Healthcare Disparity in Miami Presentation
A policymaker when defined refers to any individual who possesses the capacity to conjure an idea and plan its execution by the involved entities or the government. In this context, the chosen policy maker is a doctor of nursing practice (DNP). a. What are their priorities? As advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), a DNP priority is to design, influence and implement health care policies that seek to frame healthcare financing, safety, practice, quality, regulation, efficacy and access. They accomplish this, by relying on their extensive clinical and academic experience. b. What are their powers? DNP in lieu with their control over competence, control over practice context and control over content of practice possess the mandate and authority to formulate and campaign for adoption/implementation of data-driven decisions on leadership, and healthcare that affect patients across all transcultural levels. 2. What is the public health problem you want to address? Curbing disparities in Healthcare Access and Outcomes in Miami Florida a. Is this based on trends, comparative data (e.g., vs state/national), other? The problem being focused in is based on comparative data, which offers a better glimpse of the crisis at hand, especially involving individuals from vulnerable communities. The presented data breaks down the disparities on a state level and contrasts it against the national scope. b. What evidence do you have this is an urgent problem? Describe the data and include your sources here. Most of the disparities that manifest are primarily as a result of systematic inequality, which has been witnessed during the covid-19 crisis. With 68.3% of adults in the United States having been vaccinated, it is heartbreaking to note that 61% of this segment is made of whites, while Blacks account for 12%, Hispanics 17% and Asians’ 6% (Ndugga, Hill, Parker & Artiga, 2021). Such findings showcase that disparities in healthcare access and outcome are urgent issues, especially amongst African American and Asian communities that have been vastly underrepresented during the vaccination campaign, as such highly vulnerable to morbidity related to the COVID19 attack. c. Do the policymaker and problem you are presenting both exist at the local, state, or national level? Yes, in both contexts, DNPs’ as well as disparities in healthcare access and outcomes exist in the local, state and national levels. 3. What are some policy options the decisionmaker could take to address the problem? In the quest to address the problem, possible policy options include; a) Investing in the expansion and decentralization of healthcare coverage, with the main focus being community-level penetration. b) Raising public and provider awareness, particularly of the ethnic/racial disparities in healthcare. c) Expanding the capacity as well as the population of providers especially in underserved communities, and improving the knowledge base with regards to the causes and interventions of reducing the given disparities. 4. What criteria will you use to evaluate your options? [Note: we strongly recommend using a measure of cost and a measure of effectiveness (impact or outcome).] a. How do you plan to define cost? Cost in this context will denote the ratio of an intervention expense relevant to the measure of its effect. In this case, the cost will be defined on a monetary context particularly dollar basis. b. How do you plan to define effectiveness (e.g., impact or outcome) The definition of effectiveness will be anchored on the penetration of healthcare to underserved communities. As such, high impact denotes the increase of health insurance coverage and penetration of telehealth services for more than 2,000 families per square mile, given that Mimi Florida’s population density is 13,286 people per square mile (Worldpopulationreview, 2021). PUBH 6012 Healthcare Disparity in Miami Presentation
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The medium-impact denotes expanding health insurance coverage and penetration of telehealth services to 900 families per square mile, while low impact denotes impacting 300 families per square mile. References Worldpopulationreview. (2021). Miami, Florida Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs). Retrieved 27 July 2021, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/uscities/miami-fl-population Ndugga, N., Hill, L., Parker, N., & Artiga, S. (2021). Latest Data on COVID-19 Vaccinations by Race/Ethnicity. Retrieved 27 July 2021, from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid19/issue-brief/latest-data-on-covid-19-vaccinations-race-ethnicity/ Policy Evaluation Memo Outline Assignment description: The purpose of this assignment is to summarize your policy evaluation so that your peer review group can understand your direction and provide helpful feedback. You may use bullets to outline your key points. You should include a few central points under background and each option so that it is clear what each option would do to address the problem. (Your recommendation may change before your final paper as your analysis evolves.) The outline should be no more than 1 page long. Before Week 8, submit the outline under Assessments: Outline For Peer Review forum. Students will be assigned into groups to critique posted outlines. Group members must post written feedback before Week 9. During Week 9 live session, students will discuss in more detail feedback in breakout groups. Components of your outline (no more than 1 page long): Problem Identification (including a specific question for the decisionmaker): Background: Criteria (note that we strongly recommend cost and effectiveness, with specific measures for each): Option 1: Option 2: Option 3: Recommendation: Running head: POLICY EVALUATION MEMO OUTLINE Policy Evaluation Memo Outline Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Course Name and Number Professor’s Name Assignment Due Date 1 POLICY EVALUATION MEMO OUTLINE 2 Policy Evaluation Memo Outline Problem Identification: With 70% of the population present in Miami being Hispanic in nature. The primary health disparity that is being tackled in the state is high poverty rates, which have crippled the ability to pay for healthcare insurance services, as well as other crucial programs such as routine checkups. In this regard, what interventions can be implemented to ensure unprivileged families still do gain access to healthcare? Background: According to Miami-Dade Matters, the median household income of the Latino community is $54,841 (Miami-Dade Matters, 2021). This is largely associated with the fact that most families tend to engage in semi-skilled and unskilled tasks, with over 81.4% of individuals only having access to high school education (Census Bureau QuickFacts, 2021). In such a case, then it is clear that there is an urgent intervention on matters regarding financial literacy as well as healthcare interventions in a bid to ensure that the given families gain the most out of their modest income. Criteria Option 1: The first approach would be championing for the expansion of government based healthcare plans such as Medicaid to include undocumented families in Miami Dade and expanding the coverage to adults. PUBH 6012 Healthcare Disparity in Miami Presentation
Option 2: The second approach would be investing in the expansion of telepath services, with the intention of ensuring over 2,000 families per square mile are covered. This approach is bound to increase access to healthcare by over 70%, and lower the costs of offering healthcare services by 45%. Option 3: The final approach is to campaign for the increase of minimum wage to approximately $15, as this will raise the daily income to 180, and annual income to 64,000. The extra difference can be channeled to healthcare matters, thus enhancing the health of the Miami community. Recommendation: The best alternative would be the second option as it is more sustainable in the long run from both financial and efficiency perspectives. POLICY EVALUATION MEMO OUTLINE References Miami-Dade Matters. (2021). Miami-Dade Matters :: Demographics :: Median Household Income: Hispanic/Latino. Retrieved 24 August 2021, from http://www.miamidadematters.org/demographicdata/index/view?id=2644&localeId=12 Census Bureau QuickFacts. (2021). U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Miami-Dade County, Florida. Retrieved 24 August 2021, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/miamidadecountyflorida/PST045219 3 Policy Analysis Overview Dr. Jasel Martin PUBH 6012 Elements of Policy Analysis • Who is the stakeholder/audience? – Entire analysis is framed around the reader • Essential elements of the analysis – Problem statement – Background and landscape – Policy options – Final recommendation Step 1: Identify Decision Maker’s Values, Objectives • What values, opinions define his/her political position? – Why does s/he think there is a problem? • What are main objectives s/he wants accomplished from addressing public problem? • Values and objectives should frame your analysis Step 2: Identify the Problem • Develop problem statement – Short paragraph summarizing the issue to be considered – Provide some context by identifying the conditions creating the problem in an introductory sentence or clause • Identify the conditions – What are you examining? Describe the set of conditions that are under examination • Identify the objective in making a change; what does decision maker want to see happen? Problem Statement • A problem statement should be succinct and written in fewer than four sentences • Address why the problem exists and what happens if it isn’t addressed • Should be analytically manageable—not too broad or to narrow • Do not include the recommendation in your problem statement Examples of Problem Statements • Problem statements vary depending on decision maker • Allowing the importation of drugs from Canada into the United States increases the likelihood that unsafe or ineffective drugs are distributed to U.S. consumers. What can Sen. Pharma do to assure American consumers are protected from unscrupulous importers? • Allowing the importation of drugs from Canada into the United States increases competition in the market and decreases costs to consumers. What can Sen. Elderly do to increase the importation of safe and effective drugs into the United States? Step 3: Examine the Problem in the Background • Describe scope of the problem • Identify who is impacted and by how much • Explain why it is a policy problem – – – – Political issues Social issues Moral/ethical issues Economic issues • Identify the objective in making a change; what decision maker wants to see happen Elements in the Background • Define key terms; clarify ambiguity – E.g., uninsured • Identify concrete operational measures of the problem – PUBH 6012 Healthcare Disparity in Miami Presentation
Figure out how to measure with numbers • Determine magnitude and scope – How big is the problem? – What is the impact of the problem? – Is the problem growing quickly, slowly declining? Elements in the Background • Identify who is impacted by the problem – Who is most affected by the problem? How and why? – Are subgroups affected differently? – Quantify impact on groups and the difference between groups • Place boundaries on the problem – Where does it exist? • National vs. state; urban vs. regional – Are there differences in scope, magnitude by region? Elements in the Background • Identify how long the problem has existed – What are historical trends? – Has it improved or worsened? • Identify how the problem might change over time – Look at forecasts; projections • Medicare will be bankrupt by x date • Growth in diabetes due to obesity Describing the Landscape • Landscape—most important section of the problem analysis – Provides more context of the problem – Tries to diagnose the problem • What is the cause of the problem? • How amenable is the problem to a policy intervention? – If done well, options fall out of landscape, analysis Policy Analysis: Landscape •
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