NURS 4040 Assessment 3: Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing Paper

NURS 4040 Assessment 3: Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing Paper

 Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing

Healthcare organizations emphasize the widespread use of health information technologies to improve care quality, eliminate costly mistakes, enhance process accuracy, reduce delays, and bolster care efficiency. Examples of technologies that influence new care delivery systems include telehealth, barcode medication administration, clinical decision support systems, artificial intelligence, and remote patient monitoring system. A plethora of current scholarly studies supports the incorporation of advanced technologies in healthcare settings. Therefore, this paper provides an annotated bibliography of scholarly studies that support the rationale of incorporating barcode medication administration technology into the current healthcare systems and nursing practice.

The Rationale of Selecting Barcode Medication Administration Technology and Inclusion Criteria for the Selected Scholarly Articles

Rationale

Medication errors (MEs) inflict massive burdens on patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare organizations by leading to multiple adverse consequences, including increased mortalities, prolonged hospitalization, negative legal and ethical implications, disabilities, and compromised quality of life. Healthcare organizations desperately need reliable technology for intercepting the causal and contributing factors for medication errors, especially those that occur during medication administration. Consequently, barcoding technology provides the much sought-after verification of medications by enabling healthcare professionals to comply with the “five rights” of safer medication administration, including correct dosage, patient, timing, documentation, and route. This factor justifies the rationale for selecting barcoding medication administration as an advanced healthcare technology for improving care quality, safety, timeliness, and efficiency.

Inclusion Criteria

Although a corpus of current scholarly literature underscores the importance of using barcoding technology in safer medication administration, it is essential to apply various approaches for determining evidence sources’ credibility and consistency with the topic. Also, it is crucial to obtain evidence sources from reputable and authoritative databases to increase the chances of selecting credible, reliable, relevant, and accurate journal articles. In this assessment, I selected four scientific studies from reputable databases, including Elsevier, British Medical Journal (BMJ), and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). The search criteria included using keywords and subtitles like “barcode medication administration,” “the importance of barcoding technology,” and “barcoding technology and medication errors.” Finally, I used the CRAAP test as a framework for appraising the selected sources. This test requires researchers to consider evidence sources’ currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose before selecting them for further analysis.

Annotated Bibliography

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of the impact of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148

In this scholarly article, Barakat & Franklin (2020) investigated the impact of barcode medication administration (BCMA) by conducting a comparative study in two similar wards within an acute UK Hospital. The researchers contended that BCMA entails scanning a patient’s unique barcode and medication barcodes to verify and ascertain their accuracy before proceeding to administer a medication dose. According to Barakat & Franklin (2020), the purpose of incorporating barcode medication administration (BCMA) into medication administration processes is to reduce the rate and severity of medication administration errors (MEAs). Data from the study indicate that BCMA led to a 100% patient identification check, leading to various benefits, including adherence to the rights of medication administration and reducing the prevalence of mistakes when administering doses. This article impacts the topic by providing insights into the success rate of BCMA in patient identification and prevention of medication errors. It offers current, justifiable, and empirical contentions that support the incorporation of BCMA into medication administration processes.

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Mulac, A., Mathiesen, L., Taxis, K., & Gerd Granås, A. (2021). Barcode medication administration technology used in hospital practice: A mixed-methods observational study of policy deviations. BMJ Quality & Safety, 30(12), 1021–1030. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013223

In this article, Mulac et al. (2021) conducted a prospective, mixed-methods study on two hospital wards in Norway to gain insight into nurses’ use of barcode medication technology during a medication dispensing and administration. Also, the researchers aimed to record the number and type of BCMA policy deviations and their causes. They defined policy deviation as “the act of dispensing or administering a medicine that was not per the hospital policy” (p. 1022). Regarding the effectiveness of BCMA in medication dispensing and administration, the study revealed that scanning medications and ID wristbands improved patient safety by preventing the administration of wrongly dispensed medications. The scanning rates of this study were 71% for medications, 91% for scannable doses, and 80% for patient ID wristbands. Also, the study revealed various types of policy deviations, including task-related, dispensing and administration, and organizational deviations. The researchers identified the causes of these deviations and urged healthcare organizations to ensure the adaption of the work system and optimize the use of BCMA. This study is profound in supporting the plausibility of using BCMA to reduce medication errors and the potential shortcomings that reduce the technology’s effectiveness in preventing and reducing medication mistakes.

Naidu, M., & Alicia, Y. L. Y. (2019). Impact of bar-code medication administration and electronic medication administration record system in clinical practice for an effective medication administration process. Health, 11(05), 511–526. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2019.115044

This annotated literature review aimed to evaluate barcode medication administration (BCMA) and electronic medication administration system (e-MAR) use outcomes, clinical practices, policies, and processes impacting nurses administering medications in the clinical environment. Further, the researchers elaborated advantages and disadvantages of BCMA and e-MAR. After reviewing scholarly articles consistent with the study’s objectives, the researchers revealed that the purpose of using the BCMA technology is to reduce medication errors, lower the cost incurred by hospitals, and improve patient safety. The reviewed scholarly articles were consistent in presenting the advantages of BCMA. The study revealed that this technology reduces physician orders, dosage, and prescription errors and improves patient safety by ensuring compliance with hospital protocols and efficiency in medication administration. However, hospitals encounter various challenges when using this technology in medication administration, including resistance to change, insufficient training and support, unfriendly technology, lack of policy, workflow, and procedures, system downtime, equipment malfunction, and cybersecurity issues. This article impacts knowledge on the topic by providing scholarly justification for incorporating BCMA into medication administration as well as presenting challenges facing healthcare organizations when utilizing the technology.

Thompson, K. M., Swanson, K. M., Cox, D. L., Kirchner, R. B., Russell, J. J., Wermers, R. A., Storlie, C. B., Johnson, M. G., & Naessens, J. M. (2018). Implementation of bar-code medication administration to reduce patient harm. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 2(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.09.001

In this pilot study, Thompson et al. (2018) aimed to assess the impact of implementing barcode medication administration (BCMA) technology on the rate of medication administration errors in the inpatient setting. To achieve this objective, the researchers involved all inpatient nursing units at a large academic center recognized as a Magnet organization. These units adopted the BCMA technology from September 2008 to October 2010. The outcomes of the study included the administration of 500000 inpatient medications per month during the BCMA’s piloting, a 17% reduction of reported errors for medication events, and the decrease of the mean rate for barcode-related events from 37.25 at baseline to 21.03 reported errors per 100000 administered medications in the post-implementation period. Consequently, the study concluded that consistent use of BCMA technology improves patient safety by decreasing the number and severity of medication administration errors. This study provides empirical justifications for the benefits of BCMA technology in improving patient safety and reducing medication errors. Therefore, it is credible, relevant, valid, and consistent with the topic of concern.

Recommendations 

The four reviewed scholarly articles present barcode medication administration (BCMA) technology as ideal for improving patient safety by reducing medication administration errors, enhancing care outcomes, and bolstering process accuracy. However, various drawbacks, including resistance to change, a lack of employee training and education, system failures, cybersecurity issues, and unfamiliarity with the technology, compromise these benefits. Therefore, healthcare organizations should optimize the usage of BCMA by training employees on the technology’s usability, ensuring collective goal-setting to address change resistance, implementing system safeguards to avert cybersecurity issues, and educating technology users to bolster their familiarity with BCMA.

 References

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of the impact of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148

Mulac, A., Mathiesen, L., Taxis, K., & Gerd Granås, A. (2021). Barcode medication administration technology use in hospital practice: A mixed-methods observational study of policy deviations. BMJ Quality & Safety, 30(12), 1021–1030. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013223

Naidu, M., & Alicia, Y. L. Y. (2019). Impact of bar-code medication administration and electronic medication administration record system in clinical practice for an effective medication administration process. Health, 11(05), 511–526. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2019.115044

Thompson, K. M., Swanson, K. M., Cox, D. L., Kirchner, R. B., Russell, J. J., Wermers, R. A., Storlie, C. B., Johnson, M. G., & Naessens, J. M. (2018). Implementation of bar-code medication administration to reduce patient harm. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 2(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.09.001

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Write a 4-6 page annotated bibliography where you identify peer-reviewed publications that promote the use of a selected technology to enhance quality and safety standards in nursing.

Introduction
Before you begin to develop the assessment you are encouraged to complete the Annotated Bibliography Formative Assessment. Completing this activity will help you succeed with the assessment and counts towards course engagement.

Rapid changes in information technology go hand-in-hand with progress in quality health care delivery, nursing practice, and interdisciplinary team collaboration. The following are only a few examples of how the health care field uses technology to provide care to patients across multiple settings:

Patient monitoring devices.
Robotics.
Electronic medical records.
Data management resources.
Ready access to current science.
Technology is essential to the advancement of the nursing profession, maintaining quality care outcomes, patient safety, and research.

This assessment will give you the opportunity to deepen your knowledge of how technology can enhance quality and safety standards in nursing. You will prepare an annotated bibliography on technology in nursing. A well-prepared annotated bibliography is a comprehensive commentary on the content of scholarly publications and other sources of evidence about a selected nursing-related technology. A bibliography of this type provides a vehicle for workplace discussion to address gaps in nursing practice and to improve patient care outcomes. As nurses become more accountable in their practice, they are being called upon to expand their role of caregiver and advocate to include fostering research and scholarship to advance nursing practice. An annotated bibliography stimulates innovative thinking to find solutions and approaches to effectively and efficiently address these issues.

Preparation
To successfully complete this assessment, perform the following preparatory activities:

Select a SINGLE direct or indirect patient care technology that is relevant to your current practice or of interest to you. Direct patient care technologies require an interaction, or direct contact, between the nurse and patient. Nurses use direct patient care technologies every day when delivering care to patients. Electronic thermometers or pulse oximeters are examples of direct patient care technologies. Indirect patient care technologies, on the other hand, are those employed on behalf of the patient. They do not require interaction, or direct contact, between the nurse and patient. A handheld device for patient documentation is an example of an indirect patient care technology. Examples of topics to consider for your annotated bibliography include:
Delivery robots.
Electronic medication administration with barcoding.
Electronic clinical documentation with clinical decision support.
Patient sensor devices/wireless communication solutions.
Real-time location systems.
Remote patient monitoring.
Artificial intelligence.
Telehealth.
Telestroke.
Tele-icu.
Tele-psychiatry.
Tele-genetics.

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Workflow management systems.
Conduct a library search using the various electronic databases available through the Capella University Library.
Consult the BSN Program Library Research Guide for help in identifying scholarly and/or authoritative sources.
Access the NHS Learner Success Lab, linked in the courseroom navigation menu, for additional resources.
Scan the search results related to your chosen technology.
Select four peer-reviewed publications focused on your selected topic that are the most interesting to you.
Evaluate the impact of patient care technologies on desired outcomes.
Analyze current evidence on the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety, quality of care, and the interdisciplinary team.
Integrate current evidence about the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety, quality of care, and the interdisciplinary team into a recommendation.
Notes
Publications may be research studies or review articles from a professional source. Newspapers, magazines, and blogs are not considered professional sources.
Your selections need to be current—within the last five years.
An Evidence-based Recommendation for Selected Technology Implementation
Prepare a 4–6 page paper in which you introduce your selected technology and describe at least four peer-reviewed publications that promote the use of your selected technology to enhance quality and safety standards in nursing. You will conclude your paper by summarizing why you recommend a particular technology by underscoring the evidence-based resources you presented. Be sure that your paper includes all of the following elements:

Introduction to the Selected Technology Topic
What is your rationale for selecting this particular technology topic? Why are you interested in this?
What research process did you employ?
Which databases did you use?
Which search terms did you use?
Note: In this section of your bibliography, you may use first-person since you are asked to describe your rationale for selecting the topic and the research strategies you employed. Use third person in the rest of the bibliography, however.
Annotation Elements
For each resource, include the full reference followed by the annotation.
Explain the focus of the research or review article you chose.
Provide a summary overview of the publication.
According to this source, what is the impact of this technology on patient safety and quality of care?
According to this source, what is the relevance of this technology to nursing practice and the work of the interdisciplinary health care team?
Why did you select this publication to write about out of the many possible options? In other words, make the case as to why this resource is important for health care practitioners to read.
Summary of Recommendation
How would you tie together the key learnings from each of the four publications you examined?
What organizational factors influence the selection of a technology in a health care setting? Consider such factors as organizational policies, resources, culture/social norms, commitment, training programs, and/or employee empowerment.
How would you justify the implementation and use of the technology in a health care setting? This is the section where you will justify (prove) that the implementation of the
patient care technology is appropriate or not. The evidence should be cited from the literature that was noted in the annotated bibliography.
Consider the impact of the technology on the health care organization, patientcare/satisfaction, and interdisciplinary team productivity, satisfaction, and retention.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

Assessment 3 Example [PDF].
Additional Requirements
Written communication: Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
Length: 4–6-typed, double-spaced pages.
Number of resources: Cite a minimum of four peer-reviewed publications, not websites.
Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12 point.
APA: Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for all bibliographic entries. Refer to Evidence and APA as needed.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

Competency 3: Evaluate the impact of patient care technologies on desired outcomes.
Analyze current evidence on the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety, quality of care, and the interdisciplinary team.
Integrate current evidence about the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety, quality of care, and the interdisciplinary team into a recommendation.
Competency 4: Recommend the use of a technology to enhance quality and safety standards for patients.
Describe organizational factors influencing the selection of a technology in the health care setting.
Justify the implementation and use of a selected technology in a health care setting.
Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication to facilitate use of health information and patient care technologies.
Create a clear, well-organized, and professional annotated bibliography that is generally free from errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for all bibliographic entries.